Ha finalizado el 14th European Bat Resarych Symposium,
EBRS2017
El libro de resúmenes se puede descargar
aquí.
Desde Murcielagosymas no hemos podido asistir pero hemos recopilado algunos resúmenes que nos han llamado la atención o que son más afines a las nuestras líneas actuales de trabajo. Hay muchos más, todos muy interesantes.
[O]= Presentación Oral
[P]= Poster
IMPORTANCE OF HOST ECOLOGY FOR THE PRESENCE OF BARTONELLA
SPP. IN THE ECTOPARASITES OF INSECTIVOROUS BATS
IN CENTRAL AND SE EUROPE [O]
ATTILA D. SÁNDOR, ALEXANDRA CORDUNEANU , LEVENTE BARTI ,
PÉTER ESTÓK , TAMÁS GÖRFÖL, MIHÁLY FÖLDVÁRI , HEIN SPRONG ,
ZOLTÁN LÁSZLÓ , GÁBOR FÖLDVÁRI ,
Bats are ideal hosts for a number of specialised arthropod ectoparasites, such as
mites, ticks, fleas and flies. Their most specialised ectoparasites are the hippoboscoid
flies, mostly flightless flies occurring only on bats. Throughout their blood-feeding,
these ectoparasites are able to transmit a number of pathogens, and are known
vectors of a number of viral, bacterial or protozoan diseases. Among these, a wide
variety of bacteria of
Bartonella spp. are known to parasitize bats and their
ectoparasites. The aim of the present work was to assess, by PCR and sequencing,
the prevalence and diversity of
Bartonella spp. in hippoboscoid flies of bats occurring
naturally in Hungary and Romania, and to find factors contributing to the high
diversity recorded. In order to achieve this, we made molecular identification of
Bartonella sequences from parasitic flies and compared them to sequences deposited
in GenBankTM and evaluated the importance of host and vector ecology for the
presence and prevalence of these bacteria. In our study 158 bat flies tested positive
for
Bartonella spp. DNA (29.1%).
Bartonella spp. sequences were identified in 8 out
of 10 Nycteribiidae fly species, collected from 11 out of the 14 bat species studied.
Polyxenous bat flies had the lowest prevalence. Individual nycteribiid fly species
explained the distribution of Bartonella spp. only marginally; with only 4 species
contributing significantly to the observed pattern. Bat host species explained most of
the variance found in Bartonella spp. distribution, with 6 individual species
significantly contributing to the modelled distribution. Bat gender was another
significant factor, with males carrying more than twice as many Bartonella-positive
bat flies than females. The bat roost site also made an important contribution, as
significantly higher number of Bartonella-infected bat flies were collected on bats
using underground shelters, than from bats roosting either in buildings or in trees.
NEW DATA ON THE PRESENCE OF NATHUSIUS’S PIPISTRELLE IN THE
CANTABRIAN COAST: A MIGRANT OR RESIDENT SPECIES?[P]
JUAN T. ALCALDE1
**, MIKEL ETXANIZ2
, ESTELA RUIZ DE AZÚA2
,
NEREA AZPEITIA2
, ALBERTO LUENGO2
, IÑAKI MARTÍNEZ1
, **jtalcalde@gmail.com 1Spanish Association for the Study and Conservation of Bats, SECEMU, Spain;
2Ekoetxea Txingudi - Plaiaundiko Parke Ekologikoa. Irun, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
Nathusius’s pipistrelle is a long distance migrant species, although sedentary
populations are also known. In the Iberian Peninsula it is a very rare species: most of
the data come from isolated individuals found in autumn or winter and are attributed
to migrant specimens, but so far, their movement patterns are unknown. However,
on the Mediterranean coast (NE of the Iberian Peninsula) there is a small resident
population, which in summer only hosts males. In the last two years observations of
this species have been collected in two bat boxes located in the Bay of Txingudi
(Cantabrian coast). Both males and females have been identified, and their presence
has been verified for 8 consecutive months, from the end of August to the beginning
of May. Only in the warmer months does it seem to be absent from the site.
IDENTIFICATION OF RHINOLOPHID BAT NURSERY ROOSTS FROM
RECORDINGS OF ADULT ULTRASOUND SOCIAL CALLS AND ULTRASOUND
DEVELOPMENT CALLS MADE BY INFANTS[O]
MARGARET M. ANDREWS1
**, AMELIA M. HODNETT2
, PETER T. ANDREWS3
,
**mmandrews37@gmail.com 1 Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3 AF, U.K.; 2Gavia Environment, Perth, PH 1 3FX, U.K.; 3Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3 BX, U.K.; deceased.
Ultrasound calls of infant greater horseshoe bats (
Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) and
lesser horseshoe bats (
Rhinolophus hipposideros) were recorded from birth to 27
days of age in two separate roosts in Wales in June and July using a time expansion
bat detector modified for 24 hour recording periods. The ultrasound social calls of
adult greater and lesser horseshoe bats were also recorded in the two nursery roosts
and were classified according to the frequency of the fundamental, the number and
duration of the harmonics and the number of syllables in a phrase. The constant
frequency (CF) or frequency modulated (FM) calls were compared with adult social
calls identified previously. Although the echolocation frequencies of the greater
horseshoe bats were typically 83-84 kHz and the lesser horseshoe bats 110-114 kHz
the infant calls were similar. Ultrasound calls with fundamental frequencies between
15-42 kHz were identified as 7 categories of infant development calls and 15
categories of adult ultrasound calls. There were five distinct stages in the
development of infant ultrasound calls recorded with the age of the infant bats,
determined by forearm length. Stages 1-3 developed from polyharmonic isolation
calls uttered through the mouth to attempts at echolocation and corresponded with
Type A-C adult ultrasound social calls. Stages 4-5 infant calls were nasal attempts at
echolocation that corresponded with Type E adult modified echolocation calls. There
were no comparable infant calls to the Type D adult advertisement calls. A survey of
ten lesser horseshoe roosts in Wales showed that infant ultrasound calls provide a
means of identifying not only the presence of a nursery roost but the dates at which
births started and infants began flying, The ideal time for static preset extended
periods of monitoring would be from 20.00 - 08.00 h GMT in June and July. This
ultrasound monitoring provides a simple non-invasive method of identifying nursery
roosts.
TREATMENT OF SOME BACTERIAL INFECTIONS IN
FIVE EUROPEAN BAT SPECIES[P*]
ANNA BATOR1
**, BARBARA GÓRECKA2
, KATARZYNA PTAK3
,
KATARZYNA SIEDLECKA-KOWALCZEWSKA4
, KATARZYNA SULIMA,
**mystacinaa@gmail.com 1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra,
Szafrana 1, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland; 2BAT MOM Barbara Górecka, Poland; 3Animal Care Vet Clinic in Klodzko, Poland; 4Andi Vet Clinic in Kielce, Poland.
We describe bacterial infections first diagnosed in two European bat species
(common noctule bat,
Nyctalus noctula – two specimens; and greater mouse-eared
bat,
Myotis myotis – one specimen). All animals had the same unspecific symptoms:
weight loss, skin redness, skin pigmentation loss, baldness, swollen joints, weakening
of the skin structure, necrosis of distal parts of tail and phalanges. All bats were
diagnosed using antimicrobial susceptibility testing of swab samples. Three different
antibiotics were prescribed for three different bacteria:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa –
marbofloxacin (two common noctule bats and one greater mouse-eared bat),
Staphylococcus intermedius – enrofloxacin (one common noctule bat). Treatment
was long and exhausting. Bats suffered from weakness and spot skin necrosis
(marbofloksacin). We used convalescence support instant diet for cats and dogs,
betaglucane, Duphalyte and probiotics. The same treatment was successfully applied
to other bats with the same symptoms but without laboratory diagnostics (nine
common noctule bats, five parti-coloured bats (
Vespertilio murinus), three serotine
bats (
Eptesicus serotinus) and one Nathusius's pipistrelle (
Pipistrellus nathusii). Bats
during rehabilitation or living in captivity suffer from immunodeficiency, probably
caused by previous malnutrition, mono diet, lack of milk antibodies (infants), stress
or a combination of these. There is a clear need to include the laboratory diagnostics
in the treatment and rehabilitation of bats.
COMPARATIVE PHYLOGEOGRAPHY OF TWO CRYPTIC
SEROTINE BATS IN THE IBERIAN PENINSULA AND GENE FLOW
CONSEQUENCES OF BEING TOO SIMILAR [O]
ALEJANDRO CENTENO-CUADROS1
, ORLY RAZGOUR2
, CARLOS IBÁÑEZ1
,
OSCAR DE PAZ3
, GONZÁLO PÉREZ-SUÁREZ3
, SUSANA MARTÍNEZ-ALÓS3
,
JUAN L GARCÍA-MUDARRA1
, ADRIÁN REDOND1
, JAVIER JUSTE1,4**,
**juste@ebd.csic.es 1Estación Biológica de Doñana (CSIC), Seville, Spain; 2Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, U.K.;
3Depto. Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; 4CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
We investigated the genetic diversity and structure within two sibling serotine bats
(Eptesicus serotinus and E. isabellinus) in Iberia, both in their contact zone and in
allopatric areas of their respective distributions and combining the information of a
fast evolving mtDNA Hyper Variable (HVII) fragment and 10 microsatellites. A multimarker
approach combining the information of the microsatellites with mtDNA
sequences through Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) was used to test
different phylogeographic patterns, and clustering algorithms based on codominant
markers were used to identify possible gene flow and the presence of hybrids
between the two species. Sampling included a total of 107 E. serotinus bats from 6
maternity colonies (two of them located in the contact zone between the two
species), and 231 E. isabellinus from 13 maternity colonies (five within the area of
sympatry). mtDNA diversity was slightly higher and showed deeper geographic
structure for E. isabellinus. Haplotypes relationships showed no mitochondrial
introgression or capture between the two species. Microsatellites showed two main
groupings corresponding to the two species with similar diversity values between
them and null within species structure, as expected in a male mediated gene flow
system. ABC inference placed both species’ populations split times as post-LGM and
in continuous expansion. The central sympatric populations were colonised from the
allopatric populations at approximately 6250 years ago for E. isabellinus and 2600
years ago for E. serotinus. The combined model indicates that contact between the
sympatric central populations has resulted in gene flow from E. isabellinus to E.
serotinus. Specific assignment tests confirmed the existence of hybrids in both
species and which were found only in the contact zone. Hybridization proved to be
highly asymmetrical, and as predicted by the ABC, most of the cases were found
within the two sympatric colonies of E. serotinus,
PURPOSE-BUILT HIBERNACULA FOR BATS –
ARE THEY FUNCTIONAL? [P]
ERIC A. JANSEN1
, VITA J.A. HOMMERSEN1
**, HERMAN J.G.A. LIMPENS 1
, MARCEL J.
SCHILLEMANS1
, MAURICE LA HAYE1
, MARTIJN VAN OENE1
,
**vita.hommersen@zoogdiervereniging.nl 1Dutch Mammal Society, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
In many lowland areas bats are mostly restricted to artificial buildings and other
underground structures for hibernation. An increasing economic pressure stimulates
either the re-use of these structures or their demolition to make space for new
developments. This results in bats loosing many of their (to us unknown) hibernation
sites. To compensate for this loss of hibernation sites, the first purpose built
hibernation structures were built in 1984. Between 1984 and1991, on average two
structures intended as underground bat hibernacula, were built per year. Change in
subsidy policies and the discovery of cheaper ways to build underground sites
accelerated the construction of new hibernacula. Between 1991 and 2015, between 6
and 12 structures were built annually. These structures were mainly built as active
conservation measures, often as a part of local landscape enhancements. We
estimate at present 200 purpose-built bat hibernation structures exist in the
Netherlands. However, the effectiveness of these purpose-built hibernation
structures is often debated between conservationists. To gain insight in the
effectiveness of these structures in the Netherlands, we analyzed the database
containing all hibernation counts of the Dutch Mammal Society, which is managed
within the framework of the Network Ecological Monitoring (NEM). Among all
hibernation sites we focused on purpose-built structures. The structures used in our
analysis varied from smaller square concrete profiles covered with earth (4– 20 m2
)
to larger and more complex structures (> 50 m2
). We checked what proportion of
these purpose-built structures is used by hibernating bats, calculated the time since
construction and what proportion seems not to be used even after prolonged waiting
times. We try to correlate these data with volume, type of surrounding landscape,
distances to known traditional hibernacula, differences in regional densities of
different bat species (in winter) and on-site climate condition
BEHAVIOURAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES IN
RHINOLOPHUS EURYALE IN HIBERNATION[O*]
EDITA MAXINOVÁ1,2**, INAZIO GARIN2
, MARCEL UHRIN1
,
**edita.maxinova@gmail.com 1Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice,
Košice, Slovakia; 2Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, University of The Basque Country
UPV/EHU, Leioa, The Basque Country.
We studied behavioural and physiological features related to foraging during winter
arousals from torpor in the Mediterranean horseshoe bat,
Rhinolophus euryale. The
observed colony hibernated in a cave located on the border between Slovakia and
Hungary during four hibernation periods from autumn 2011 until spring 2015. We
analyzed foraging, digestion, defaecation and microbial flora of bats by non-invasive
methods from the faeces and based on morphological analysis, DNA analysis,
proteonomic analysis, petrographic analysis, cytological analysis, microbiological
cultivation and non-cultivation analyses and biochemical analyses of digestion
enzymes. We found that
R. euryale intermittently aroused during winter and
produced both typical consumptive as well as non-consumptive faeces (produced
after no feeding activity). This species became active and emerged from the cave
mainly when the outside temperature was mild. Consumptive faeces during the
winter contained only the order Lepidoptera. Non-consumptive faeces contained high
concentration of inorganic material of cave origin and the virtual lack of prey
indicates that drinking as well as direct sediment consumption occurred.
Enterobacteria and enterococci in the faecal samples decreased during hibernation
and only reached pre-hibernation numbers at the end of hibernation. There were
time-dependent changes in the gut microflora and the decrease in bacterial
variability was dependent on the hibernation stage. The activity of digestive enzymes
(amylase, chitobiase, endochitinase, glucosaminidase) was detected in fresh feaces
during the whole winter. Activity of chitinases was relatively stable during the winter,
but activity of amylase was highest during late November and December. We
conclude that R. euryale is physiologically ready to hunt during the winter when
suitable conditions occur, but winter arousals are unlikely to be directed towards
gaining energy through foraging, but more likely are aimed at active drinking.
